Department of Economics
Saint Louis University
Professor: Rapach
Summer 2009
ECON 312
Intermediate Macroeconomics



Chapter Outline for “Chapter 6—Unemployment,” N. Gregory Mankiw, Macroeconomics, Sixth edition (New York, N.Y.: Worth Publishers, 2007)


Natural rate of unemployment

See Figure 6-1



6-1 Job Loss, Job Finding, and the Natural Rate of Unemployment

See Figure 6-2

L = E + U

U/L = rate of unemployment

f × U = s × E

f × U = s × (LU)

f × (U/L) = s × [1 – (U/L)]

U/L = s/(s + f) = 1/[1 + (f/s)]

Any policy aimed at lowering the natural rate of unemployment must either reduce the rate of job separation or increase the rate of job finding. Similarly, any policy that affects the rate of job separation or job finding also changes the natural rate of unemployment
.



6-2 Job Search and Frictional Unemployment

Frictional unemployment

Sectoral shift

Public Policy and Frictional Unemployment


Unemployment insurance

CASE STUDY: Unemployment Insurance and the Rate of Job Finding



6-3 Real-Wage Rigidity and Wait Unemployment


Wage rigidity

See Figure 6-3

Structural unemployment

Minimum-Wage Laws


CASE STUDY: The Characteristics of Minimum-Wage Workers

Unions and Collective Bargaining


Insiders and outsiders

See Table 6-1

Efficiency Wages


Case Study: Henry Ford’s $5 Workday



6-4 Labor Market Experience: The United States

The Duration of Unemployment

Variation in the Unemployment Rate Across Demographic Groups

See Table 6-2

Trends in U.S. Unemployment


Demographics

Sectoral Shifts

Productivity

Transitions Into and Out of the Labor Force


Discouraged workers

See Table 6-3



6-5 Labor Market Experience: Europe

The Rise in European Unemployment


See Figure 6-4

Unemployment Variation Within Europe


CASE STUDY: The Secrets to Happiness

The Rise of European Leisure


See Figure 6-5



6-5 Conclusion



Questions for Review: 1, 2, 3, 5

Problems and Applications: 3, 4, 6, 7, 8



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